| Area |
Goal |
Standard |
Benchmark |
Benchmark Number |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. |
Model and describe the chemical and physical characteristics of matter (e.g., atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, mixtures). |
12.C.3b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. |
Use kinetic theory, wave theory, quantum theory and the laws of thermodynamics to explain energy transformations. |
12.C.4a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. |
Analyze and explain the atomic and nuclear structure of matter. |
12.C.4b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. |
Analyze reactions (e.g., nuclear reactions, burning of fuel, decomposition of waste) in natural and man-made energy systems. |
12.C.5a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. |
Analyze the properties of materials (e.g., mass, boiling point, melting point, hardness) in relation to their physical and/or chemical structures. |
12.C.5b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Identify examples of motion (e.g., moving in a straight line, vibrating, rotating). |
12.D.1a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Identify observable forces in nature (e.g., pushes, pulls, gravity, magnetism). |
12.D.1b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Explain constant, variable and periodic motions. |
12.D.2a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Demonstrate and explain ways that forces cause actions and reactions (e.g., magnets attracting and repelling; objects falling, rolling and bouncing). |
12.D.2b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Explain and demonstrate how forces affect motion (e.g., action/reaction, equilibrium conditions, free-falling objects). |
12.D.3a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Explain the factors that affect the gravitational forces on objects (e.g., changes in mass, distance). |
12.D.3b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Explain and predict motions in inertial and accelerated frames of reference. |
12.D.4a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Describe the effects of electromagnetic and nuclear forces including atomic and molecular bonding, capacitance and nuclear reactions. |
12.D.4b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Analyze factors that influence the relative motion of an object (e.g., friction, wind shear, cross currents, potential differences). |
12.D.5a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. |
Analyze the effects of gravitational, electromagnetic and nuclear forces on a physical system. |
12.D.5b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. |
Identify components and describe diverse features of the Earth’s land, water and atmospheric systems. |
12.E.1a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. |
Identify and describe patterns of weather and seasonal change. |
12.E.1b |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. |
Identify renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. |
12.E.1c |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. |
Identify and explain natural cycles of the Earth’s land, water and atmospheric systems (e.g., rock cycle, water cycle, weather patterns). |
12.E.2a |
| SCIENCE |
Goal 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. |
Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. |
Describe and explain short-term and long-term interactions of the Earth’s components (e.g., earthquakes, types of erosion). |
12.E.2b |
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